Metal Dome & Dome Array blog

Custom Membrane Keyboard for Membrane Switch

Posted on September 4, 2024 by Love Dome

What is a membrane switch?

A membrane switch, also known as a tactile keyboard, is a new type of electronic component that integrates light, mechanics, and electricity into a sealed, multilayered structure. It combines key switches, panels, markings, symbol displays, and backing plates into a single sealed unit. This innovation represents a fundamental change in the external structure of electronic products, replacing conventional discrete components to execute tasks in operating systems more reliably.

A membrane switch is composed of four parts: the panel, upper circuit, isolation layer, and lower circuit. When the switch is pressed, the contact of the upper circuit deforms downward, touching the lower circuit to create a connection. Once the finger is released, the contact rebounds, breaking the circuit and triggering a signal.

Custom Membrane Keyboard for Membrane Switch

The membrane switch has a rigorous structure, beautiful appearance, and good sealing performance. It has the characteristics of good waterproof, dustproof, oil proof, harmful gas erosion proof, and long service life. The main type of membrane switch is the membrane switch panel, which is an electronic component composed of a rigid or flexible printed circuit board as the substrate, with tactile or non tactile buttons installed, and then covered with plastic (polycarbonate PC, polyester PET, etc.) film panels printed with colored decorative patterns. It integrates switch function and decorative function, and is a new type of human-machine dialogue interface. The connection between its switch circuit and the entire machine can be achieved through welding or plugging.

Types of membrane switch

1. Flexible membrane switch

This is the most common type of membrane switch, referred to as flexible due to its construction from flexible materials for the panel, isolation layer, and circuit layer. The circuit layer, typically made from PET (polyester) with good electrical properties, contains the switching circuit patterns and tactile domes. Due to the properties of polyester, flexible membrane switches have good insulation, heat resistance, flexibility, and resilience. The circuit patterns, including connections and lead wires, are printed with conductive inks cured at low temperatures.

2. Rigid membrane switch

Rigid membrane switches have their circuits and patterns created on rigid printed circuit boards (PCBs). These switches are easy to manufacture, have stable processes, and low resistance. Certain components can be directly soldered onto the back of the rigid PCB, eliminating the need for an additional backing layer. Rigid switches often use metal domes for tactile feedback, providing a good tactile feel. However, they are less convenient to integrate into equipment compared to flexible switches, usually requiring soldering and flat cables for connections.

3. Flat membrane switch

In the early stages of membrane switches, key positions, shapes, and sizes were indicated solely by color differences, leading to reliance on visual identification for operation accuracy.

4. Embossed membrane switch

Membrane switches with embossed keys, which are raised above the panel to form a 3D shape, improve identification speed and tactile sensitivity, enhancing both functionality and aesthetic appeal. The embossing is generally done using precise molds.

Metal domes in Membrane switch

Metal domes, also known as snap domes, are a key component of membrane switches, usually made of ultra-thin (0.05mm-0.1mm thickness) and ultra thick (generally high hardness) stainless steel 301 or 304 materials. These domes provide a good tactile feel and precise travel control. They are used in membrane switches, contact switches, PCBs, FPCs, medical devices, and more. In addition to metal domes, other types such as thermoformed tactile domes and flat tactile domes are available, each with its own set of advantages and applications.

Metal Domes (Snap Domes)

Metal domes are used as the conductive medium in membrane switches, offering advantages such as a good tactile feel, consistent actuation force, and precise travel accuracy. They have a wide operating temperature range, typically from -20°C to 80°C. However, if the backing plate is not flat or if it is attached to a surface with excessive curvature, it may cause short circuits, malfunctions, or lack of rebound.

Embossed Tactile Domes

These domes create rebound force through embossed points formed after printing the contact surface on the membrane material. This type of dome has a long lifespan, reaching up to 500,000 cycles, and provides a good tactile feel. The travel distance and force can be customized according to customer needs. However, the mold cost is high, requiring specific embossing molds, and using these domes in high-temperature environments may weaken the actuation force.

Flat Tactile Domes

These domes use a membrane substrate printed with a conductive material at the contact points, without any secondary processing. The keys have a high lifespan, reaching up to 1 million cycles, and offer a large contact area, ensuring good conductivity. However, they lack tactile feedback, which can lead to repeated or incorrect operations.

Additionally, there are Capacitive Sensing Domes and EL (Electroluminescent) Backlit Domes. Capacitive sensing domes use conductive materials to sense touch and can operate from a certain distance, but their production yield is low, and they are sensitive to surrounding electromagnetic interference. EL backlit domes, in contrast to LED light guide types, significantly reduce thickness, making them suitable for always-on states without heat concerns.

What is the difference between a tactile switch and a membrane switch?

1. Working principle

Tactile switches usually achieve switch functions through touch sensing, without the need for physical contact, but by sensing the proximity or touch of fingers or other objects to trigger changes in switch status. This type of switch typically relies on capacitive touch technology, which controls the on/off of the circuit by detecting changes in the touch position. A membrane switch is an electronic component that achieves switching function through physical pressing. It consists of four parts: panel, upper circuit, isolation layer, and lower circuit. When the membrane switch is pressed, the contacts of the upper circuit are in contact with the plates of the lower circuit, and when released, the contacts bounce back and the circuit is disconnected.

2. Durable performance

Due to its mechanical structure, tactile switches are typically more durable than membrane switches. They can withstand more presses and usage frequencies, making them suitable for situations that require long-term use. The durability of membrane switches is relatively low because their flexible materials may wear or damage over time.

3. Application Fields

Due to the non-contact operation mode of tactile switches, they are particularly suitable for occasions that require hygiene control, such as hospitals, food processing, etc. In addition, tactile switches are widely used in scenarios that require user-friendly interaction, such as public information query systems and smart home systems. Thin film switches are widely used in fields such as electronic communication, electronic measuring instruments, industrial control, medical equipment, automotive industry, smart toys, household appliances, etc. due to their rigorous structure, beautiful appearance, and good sealing performance.

4. Technical parameters

Tactile switches typically have high sensitivity and fast response capabilities, capable of detecting small touch actions. In addition, tactile switches also need to consider waterproof, dustproof and other characteristics to ensure reliability in various environments. Membrane switches focus on durability and stability, typically with a lifespan of over five million cycles and the ability to operate normally in various harsh environments.

Are Membrane Switches Good?

The service life of membrane switches with good durability can generally reach over one million times. Due to the fact that the switch action is only achieved by the vertical movement of the elastic film, although it has undergone millions of times of creep, the amplitude of creep is very small, only 0.1-0.3mm. In addition, the rationality of material selection is far from reaching the yield limit of the film. Therefore, the film material can withstand more than one million times of use without deformation.

The membrane switch has good sealing performance, is a whole structure sealed, not easy to oxidize, and has the characteristics of good waterproof, dustproof, oil proof, and harmful gas erosion resistance. It is suitable for use in various harsh environments.

The lightweight and small volume film switch can be arranged and combined into a film keyboard in design, and the sealed thin sheet structure composed of multiple layers of films. All the connecting wires and lead out wires between the switches are completed by screen printing at once, with a total thickness between 1-3mm. The volume is reduced, the quality is reduced, and the reliability is also improved.

The colorful film switch has a beautiful and elegant appearance, with rich colors that can be conceived according to the user’s design. The decorative effect reflects the comprehensive characteristics of material beauty, decorative beauty, and craftsmanship beauty.

The installation of film switches to reduce the supporting costs of electromechanical products is adhesive type. Simply remove the backing adhesive paper and it can be firmly attached to the surface of the whole machine. Its lead outlet can be inserted into the socket of the rear circuit of the whole machine to connect the circuit. Save labor and materials, reduce the cost of supporting the whole machine.

Application of membrane switches

Membrane switches are used in a wide range of applications, including:

Instruments and Meters – Measurement instruments, analytical instruments, navigation instruments, medical instruments.
Home Appliances – Remote controls, electronic locks, washing machines, microwave ovens, rice cookers, audio and video equipment.
Office Systems – Telephones, fax machines, copiers, counters.
Computers – Operating keyboards, monitors, printers, plotters.
Electronic Toys – Electronic pianos, gaming consoles, electronic targets.

Membrane Switch HS Code

The export customs code for membrane switches is 8536900000. The HS (Harmonized System) code is an international classification system for trade products, used for customs tariffs and trade statistics. Membrane switches are classified as electrical equipment switches under this code, covering devices with a voltage not exceeding 1000V AC or 1500V DC.

While the export customs code, it is important to provide detailed product descriptions and technical parameters to ensure accurate classification and avoid issues with tariffs or customs clearance. As technology evolves, new codes may emerge to reflect specific product characteristics more accurately.

Posted in FAQ, Membrane Switches, Metal Dome Assembly | Tagged custom membrane switch, membrane keyboard | Leave a comment

How to Choose Right SMD Switches?

Posted on August 30, 2024 by Love Dome

What are SMD Switches?

Surface Mount Device (SMD) switches are tiny electronic components designed for mounting directly onto the surface of PCBs. Unlike traditional through-hole switches, which require leads to be inserted into holes on the PCB, SMD switches sit on the board’s surface. This design allows for a more compact, lightweight, and cost-effective assembly process, especially useful in modern electronic devices where space is at a premium.

SMD switches come in various forms and are used in a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to industrial equipment. They play a crucial role in user interfaces, providing the means to turn devices on or off, adjust settings, or input commands.

How do SMD Switches Work?

SMD switches operate by creating or breaking an electrical connection in a circuit. When the switch is pressed, it closes the circuit, allowing current to flow. Releasing the switch opens the circuit, stopping the current flow.

Inside an SMD switch, a small metal contact is pressed down onto a conductive pad on the PCB when the switch is activated. This contact bridges the gap between two conductive traces on the PCB, completing the circuit. The switch returns to its original position when released, thanks to a small spring or other mechanism inside the switch. The design of SMD switches ensures reliability and durability. Despite their small size, they can withstand thousands or even millions of actuations without failure.

Types of SMD Switches

SMD switches come in various types, each designed for specific applications and environments.

1. Tactile Switches

Tactile switches are among the most common types of SMD switches. They provide a physical and audible “click” when pressed, giving users feedback that the switch has been activated. This tactile response is valuable in applications where users need confirmation that a button has been pressed, such as in keyboards, calculators, and control panels. They are available in various sizes, actuation forces, and configurations to suit different applications.

2. Slide Switches

Slide switches allow users to make a selection between two or more positions by sliding a small lever. These switches are commonly used in applications where space is limited, such as in portable electronics and handheld devices. They are often used to control power, select modes, or switch between different functions.

3. Push Button Switches

Push button switches are straightforward in design, with a button that users press to activate the switch. They can be momentary (only active while pressed) or latching (stays active until pressed again). Push button switches are used in various applications, from power switches on devices to reset buttons on circuits.

4. Rotary Switches

Rotary switches allow users to select between multiple options by rotating a knob or dial. They are commonly used in applications where users need to choose between several settings, such as in audio equipment, instruments, and control panels. Rotary switches are reliable and offer clear, positive detents for each position.

5. DIP Switches

DIP (Dual In-line Package) switches consist of a series of small switches mounted in a single package. Each switch can be individually toggled, allowing for various configurations or settings. DIP switches are often used for setting options or configurations on PCBs, such as addressing, mode selection, or enabling/disabling features.

Benefits of SMD Switches

The advantages of SMD switches go beyond their compact size and reliability. One key benefit is the cost savings in manufacturing, as these switches can be mounted onto PCBs using automated pick-and-place machines. This automation reduces labor costs and enhances production efficiency.

Moreover, SMD switches are easier to integrate into designs due to their small footprint. They also offer lower parasitic capacitance and inductance compared to through-hole switches, which is particularly beneficial for high-frequency circuits. Overall, SMD switches contribute to the creation of high-quality, compact electronic devices that are economical to produce.

How to Choosing the Right SMD Switch?

Selecting the right SMD switch for a project involves considering several factors, including the application, environment, and specific requirements of the device. Here are some key considerations to keep in mind:

1. Application Requirements

The first step in choosing an SMD switch is to understand the specific requirements of the application. This includes the type of actuation needed (momentary or latching), the desired tactile feedback, and the size constraints of the device.

For example, tactile switches are ideal for user interfaces where feedback is important, while slide switches may be better suited for mode selection in compact devices. Understanding the application’s needs will help narrow down the options and select the most suitable switch.

2. Environmental Considerations

The environment in which the SMD switch will be used is another crucial factor. For example, switches used in outdoor or harsh environments may need to be sealed against moisture, dust, or other contaminants. In contrast, switches for consumer electronics may prioritize a sleek, low-profile design.

3. Electrical Specifications

The electrical specifications of the SMD switch, such as voltage rating, current rating, and contact resistance, must match the requirements of the circuit. Additionally, consider the switch’s bounce time, which can affect the performance of high-speed or sensitive circuits. A switch with low bounce time is preferable for applications where precise timing is critical.

4. Mechanical Durability

The mechanical durability of the SMD switch, including its actuation force, travel distance, and lifespan, should match the needs of the application. For example, a switch used in a frequently operated control panel should have a high actuation life and a comfortable actuation force to prevent user fatigue.

5. Cost and Availability

Finally, consider the cost and availability of the SMD switch. While it may be tempting to choose the most advanced or feature-rich switch, it’s essential to balance performance with cost, especially in high-volume production.

FAQs about SMD switch

1. How do I mount an SMD switch on a PCB?

SMD switches are typically mounted on PCBs using automated pick-and-place machines. The switches are placed onto solder paste on the PCB surface and then passed through a reflow oven, where the solder melts and bonds the switch to the board.

2. How long do SMD switches last?

The lifespan of an SMD switch depends on its design and the specific application. High-quality SMD switches can last for millions of actuations. Factors such as the switch’s construction, the materials used, and the operating environment will influence its durability.

3. Can SMD switches handle high current?

SMD switches are typically designed for low-current applications, as their compact size limits the amount of current they can safely handle. However, there are specialized SMD switches with higher current ratings for specific applications. It’s important to check the switch’s electrical specifications to ensure it meets your circuit’s current requirements.

4. How do I test SMD switches during assembly?

SMD switches can be tested during assembly using automated testing equipment such as bed-of-nails testers or flying probe testers. These systems can check the electrical continuity of the switch and verify its operation by simulating user inputs.

5. What are common issues with SMD switches and how can they be prevented?

Common issues with SMD switches include poor solder joints, contamination, and mechanical damage. These can be prevented by ensuring proper PCB design, using high-quality materials, and following best practices during assembly, such as controlling humidity and temperature and avoiding excessive mechanical stress.

6. What are the alternatives to SMD switches?

Alternatives to SMD switches include through-hole switches, which are mounted by inserting leads into PCB holes, and capacitive touch switches, which use a touch-sensitive surface instead of a mechanical actuator. The choice between SMD and alternatives depends on the specific requirements of the application.

Posted in Business | Tagged dome assembly, dome switch, metal dome, smd switch | Leave a comment

What are dome arrays? How does a metal dome arrays work?

Posted on August 29, 2024 by Love Dome

At Best Technology, we offer metal dome & metal dome arrays to provide tactile feedback with our membrane switches. Custom dome arrays as a standalone part that can be applied to circuit boards as well. We provide metal dome assembly service to let you enjoy the one-stop service.

What Are Dome Arrays?

Dome arrays called metal dome array or dome sheet. They are essential components in various electronic devices, particularly in interfaces where precise tactile feedback is crucial. They consist of a collection of metal domes arranged on a flexible substrate, often made of materials like polyimide or polyester. These polyester films are always lined with adhesive. The adhesive backing can be removed and applied directly onto a circuit board (often a printed circuit board, or PCB). These arrays are typically used beneath keypads or switches, providing a tactile “snap” when pressed.

The design of dome arrays can vary depending on the application, but they generally consist of multiple metal domes that function as individual switches. Each dome in the array acts as a contact point, bridging the circuit when pressed. This simple yet effective design is widely appreciated in industries where reliability and durability are key, such as in medical devices, automotive controls, and industrial equipment.

How Do Metal Dome Arrays Work?

The working mechanism of metal dome arrays is relatively straightforward but highly effective. Each dome in the array is slightly convex and rests above a circuit. When a user presses on the dome, it deforms and comes into contact with the circuit below, completing the electrical connection. This action generates a signal, indicating that the switch has been activated.

The snap action, or the tactile feedback, is one of the most significant features of metal dome arrays. This feedback is not just satisfying to the user but also serves as a functional assurance that the input has been registered. The force required to deform the dome and the resulting tactile feedback can be customized according to the specific needs of the application.

Types of Dome Arrays

Dome arrays come in various configurations, each tailored to meet specific application requirements. In Best Technology, when you ask for a metal dome arrays, the sales may question that which kind of dome arrays you want? Below are the different types of dome arrays offered by Best Technology, along with their unique structures and uses. Hope it makes sense.

Single Layer Dome Arrays

Single layer dome arrays are the most basic type, consisting of a single layer of metal domes lined up on the polyimide/PET. These arrays are straightforward in design and are often used in applications where simplicity and cost-effectiveness are key. This type of metal dome array is used in the early period of dome arrays industry. Metal dome contacts are attached under Mylar (one layer of adhesive PET film). On the sheet, there is an air hole for each dome contact and it is essential for good click-feeling. Here you can see its structure:

What are dome arrays? How does a metal dome arrays work?

Double Layer Dome Arrays

Double layer dome arrays add an additional layer to the structure, and attached under the metal dome contacts. The extra layer often serves as a spacer or insulator, which used for improving the tactile response and protecting the underlying circuitry. In addition, air paths between dome arrays helps reduce the chance for PET film being damaged by metal dome contacts’ burr and block dust coming into PET films. This design is particularly beneficial in automotive controls or industrial equipment, where the devices are subjected to harsh conditions and frequent use. Below is its structure and you can see the spacer is under the mylar layer.

EMI Printing Dome Arrays

EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) printing dome arrays are designed to minimize interference in electronic devices. They are similar to the normal metal dome arrays, but with the EMI shielding. These arrays are printed with an EMI shield, which helps in blocking unwanted electromagnetic signals that can disrupt the performance of the device. Electrostatic is gathered on the printed silver paste or silver carbon paste and neutralized. This type of dome array is essential in applications where signal integrity is critical, such as in telecommunications equipment, medical devices, and other high-precision electronic devices.

EMI printing dome arrays can be divided into EMI single layer and EMI double layer. No matter which kind of EMI metal array, the electrostatic is print on the top layer of metal dome arrays. You can see their structure in detail.

Rubber Glue Dome Arrays

Rubber glue dome arrays incorporate a layer of rubber adhesive that holds the domes in place. This design is particularly useful in applications where the dome array needs to be flexible and conform to curved or irregular surfaces. Because material of adhesive is Silicone, so it also named Silicon or Acrylic PSA adhesive tape.

LGF Dome Arrays

The full name of LGF dome array is light guide film dome arrays. It is a new design metal dome array, add a LGF layer on the top of normal dome array. These arrays incorporate a light guide film that distributes light evenly across the surface, making the keys easier to see and use. As everyone knows, the light under keypad is coming from the LED on PCB motherboard. We need to put about 8-10 pieces LED on each board, but if the design changed to use LGF, then we can save several LED, as well as SMT fee.

This type of dome array is commonly used in devices that require backlit keypads, such as smartphones, gaming controllers, and automotive controls. The integration of LGF not only improves usability but also adds a sleek and modern appearance to the device.

Custom Dome Arrays

Custom dome arrays are specifically designed to meet the unique needs of a particular application. These arrays can vary in size, shape, actuation force, and material, depending on the requirements of the device. Customization allows for the creation of dome arrays that are perfectly suited to the intended use, ensuring optimal performance and user experience. Whether it’s for a specialized medical device, an industrial control system, or a unique consumer product, custom dome arrays provide the flexibility to design a solution that meets exact specifications.

Best Technology Metal Dome Arrays Capability

Total Height	0.28-0.45 mm
Travel	0.13-0.30 mm
Scope of Force	100-400 gf
Tolerance of Force	±25 gf
Click Ratio	>30%
Life Cycles	>1 Million Cycles
Salt and Fog Examination	35±2°C, 5±0.1%, 48H
Working Temperature	-20°C-50°C
Working Humidity	Under 100%RH
Touch Resistance	<1 ohm
ESD Resistance	<3 ohm
Dimension Tolerance	±0.05-±0.15mm

Since 2006, we have worked in manufacturing metal dome and dome arrays, though several types of dome arrays are developed in recent year, we have rich experience and mature manufacturing skills in this industry. And there is no doubt that we are one of the leaders of metal dome and dome arrays in Asia or even all the world. We offer custom-built metal domes to fit the exact specifications of your product—our manufacturing facility can custom-cut almost any shape and size.

How Do Dome Structures Work?

Dome structures in general, including those used in dome arrays, work on the principle of load distribution. The dome shape naturally distributes force evenly across its surface, which is why it is commonly seen in architecture and engineering. This same principle is applied in dome arrays, where the dome’s shape ensures that the force exerted by the user is evenly distributed, leading to consistent and reliable performance.

When you press down on a dome, the structure deforms in a controlled manner, allowing for a predictable and repeatable actuation force. The even distribution of force also contributes to the longevity of the dome array, as it minimizes wear and tear on the individual components.

Benefits of Metal Dome Arrays in Membrane Switch

In general, there are five advantages to using metal dome arrays in membrane switches:

Tactile feedback
Durable (1 million + actuations)
Thin and light
Highly customizable
Low cost and good for mass production

Metal Dome Array Use Cases

Metal dome arrays are used in various industries and applications, including:

Consumer electronics
Industrial equipment
Electronic
Automotive
Military
Medical
Agriculture
Transportation
Aerospace
Telecommunications

With our extensive customization options, you can transform any membrane switch into a robust user interface with tactile feedback. Create a product that considers every aspect of user interaction—contact Best Technology for tactile dome array!

Posted in Business | Tagged dome arrays, metal dome, snap dome | Leave a comment

What is Tactile Feedback? Tactile vs Haptic Feedback

Posted on August 22, 2024 by Love Dome

When designing an electronic device, you might be weighing the choice between tactile feedback, resistor or capacitor touch technologies. Although touchscreens have gained popularity, many users still favor the reliability of physical buttons. As more companies adopt resistive or capacitive touch, it’s important to recognize the valuable advantages that tactile feedback can offer.

What Does Tactile Feedback Mean?

Tactile feedback refers to the physical sensation you feel when interacting with a device, such as pressing a button or a key on a keyboard. This sensation lets you know that your action was successful. It’s that “clicky” feel when you type or the slight pressure when you press a button on a touchscreen. Tactile feedback is especially important in devices like keyboards, game controllers, and touchscreens because it gives you a clear signal that your input has been registered.

Tactile feedback is an important aspect of design in user interfaces, particularly in devices that involve touch, such as remote devices, keyboard, keypad. It creates a more engaging interaction between users and their devices, ensuring users can act with confidence when operating keyboards, phones, or other devices.

What is Tactile Feedback? Tactile vs Haptic Feedback

What Are the Benefits of Tactile Feedback?

Despite its simple design and function, tactile feedback offers several important advantages that shouldn’t be underestimated. The most significant benefit is enhanced accuracy. Studies indicate that the average typing speed is 41 words per minute, with an accuracy rate of 92%. Typing errors like missed or duplicate keys are common, but tactile feedback helps reduce these mistakes. The slight vibration you feel through tactile feedback confirms that the key has been successfully pressed and recognized by the device. If the vibration is absent, it signals that the keypress wasn’t registered.

Tactile feedback also boosts user satisfaction. The physical response adds a sense of fulfillment that makes interacting with tactile-enabled devices more enjoyable and rewarding.

What is an Example of Tactile Feedback?

A common example of tactile feedback can be found in mechanical keyboards. When typing on one, you feel a distinct “click” or resistance with every key press, which lets you know the key has been fully pressed. This sensation differs from the smooth, almost imperceptible feel of membrane keyboards, which may not give users as strong an indication of successful key activation. Many prefer mechanical keyboards because the tactile feedback makes typing more comfortable and efficient. Gamers also enjoy tactile feedback, as it helps with quick and accurate inputs during fast-paced gaming sessions.

What is the Difference Between Tactile and Haptic?

The terms “tactile” and “haptic” are often used interchangeably, but they refer to slightly different concepts. Tactile feedback generally refers to the physical sensation or pressure felt through the skin when interacting with a device. It’s the actual feel of pressing a key, clicking a button, or touching a surface.

Haptic feedback, on the other hand, is a broader term that includes tactile feedback but also encompasses other sensations such as vibrations or forces that simulate interaction with virtual objects. Haptic feedback is a more advanced form of interaction that can simulate the sense of touch in more complex ways, including the feel of textures, weights, and motions in virtual environments.

For example, a tactile feedback keyboard gives you a physical response when pressing a key. In contrast, haptic feedback might involve a gaming controller that vibrates when you’re hit in a game, or a virtual reality glove that simulates the feeling of holding an object. Haptic feedback often includes more diverse sensory experiences and is designed to mimic real-world touch more closely.

While both are important, tactile feedback tends to be more focused on confirming simple actions, such as typing, while haptic feedback is more immersive, used in applications like virtual reality, gaming, and medical simulations. Together, these technologies enhance how we interact with devices, making digital experiences feel more physical and realistic.

How to Improve the Tactile Feedback of Metal Dome?

Opt for High-Height Metal Domes

Choose metal domes with a higher profile, such as four-leg domes, domes with a center dimple, or side dimple domes. These types typically provide a stronger and more pronounced click feeling, maintaining their performance even after assembly.

Adjust the Click Feeling Directly

The click feeling, measured by a click ratio (CC), is defined by the equation: CC (%) = (CP-CL)/CP*100%, where CP is the peak force and CL is the load at click. A higher CC score correlates with a more distinct click. However, it’s best to keep the CC score under 70%, as an excessively high click ratio can reduce the lifespan of the metal dome.

Use UV Plunger on Dome Array Surface

Applying a UV plunger to the center of the metal dome array can enhance the click feeling by providing additional support during operation.

Avoid Oversized Silicon Buttons

Large silicon buttons can dampen the click feeling. Keeping the button size appropriate ensures the tactile feedback remains sharp and effective.

Ensure Accurate Dome Array Alignment

During assembly, it’s crucial to align the dome array accurately with the PCB pad. Since the best click response is usually at the center of the dome, any misalignment can diminish the quality of the click feeling.

Integrating tactile feedback into your electronic devices can greatly enhance user experience, offering essential response where touchscreens may not be ideal or could pose safety risks. To discover how metal domes can elevate your product’s performance, reach out to Best Technology today.

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What is keyboard metal dome? Dome switch keyboard

Posted on August 21, 2024 by Love Dome

A keyboard metal dome refers to a small, rounded, metallic component used in dome switch keyboards. These metal domes are typically made from stainless steel and are crucial for the operation of the keyboard.

What is a Dome Switch Keypad?

A dome switch keypad is a type of keyboard that uses metal domes to complete an electrical circuit when a key is pressed. These keyboards are popular due to their balance between comfort, reliability, and cost-efficiency. The metal domes sit beneath the rubber or silicone layer of the keys, providing a tactile response when pressed. This is why they are widely used in various applications, including computers, remote controls, and other input devices.

The metal dome itself acts as the bridge between the keypad and the circuit board. It gives a distinct clicking sound and tactile feedback when a button is pressed. This ensures that the user knows the input has been registered. Compared to other types of switches, dome switch keypads offer good balance of tactile feedback and performance.

Why Use Keypad Metal Dome?

Keypad metal domes are crucial components that significantly enhance the functionality of the keypad. They provide a tactile response, which is essential for people who rely on the sense of touch to confirm a keypress.

When you press a key on a dome switch keyboard, the keycap pushes down on the metal dome, which in turn makes contact with the underlying circuit board, completing the electrical circuit. This action sends a signal to the computer or device, registering the keypress.

Using metal domes has multiple benefits:

Tactile Feedback: Metal domes provide a tactile click when pressed, offering feedback to the user that the keypress has been registered.
Durability: Metal domes are designed to withstand millions of keypresses, making them a popular choice for high-usage environments.
Responsive Feel: These switches provide a snappy, responsive feel, often favored in membrane keyboards and other types of input devices.

Metal Dome Options

Dome plating: can be plated in other metals such as nickel, silver or gold

Dome shapes: four-leg, triangle, round/circle, oblong

Dome sizes: standard sizes are 6mm, 7mm, 8.5mm, 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 16mm and customized option

Dome forces: standard forces range from 85g to 700g

Other options: dimpled, hole in center (for backlighting key), double-contact closure domes.

What is Dome Actuation Forces?

The actuation force of a dome refers to the amount of pressure required to collapse the dome and complete the circuit. This force is a critical factor in determining how a keypad feels to the user. Actuation force is usually measured in grams and can vary depending on the design and material of the dome.

For example, a lighter actuation force results in a softer press, while a heavier force provides more resistance and a firmer feel. Choosing the right actuation force is important because it affects the overall user experience. A force that is too light might lead to accidental presses, while a force that is too heavy could cause fatigue over extended use.

What is the Most Commonly Used Force Range for Metal Dome?

The most commonly used actuation force range for metal domes falls between 100 and 400 grams. This range provides a good balance between comfort and reliability for most users. Lighter forces, around 100 grams, are often preferred in devices that require quick and frequent inputs, like remote controls. On the other hand, heavier forces, up to 400 grams, are used in applications where preventing accidental presses is critical, such as in industrial machinery controls.

Here is a force range for each type of snap domes:

Metal Domes	Diameter	Force
Round Dome	2.5-6mm	100-200g
Round Dome	>7mm	140-300g
Triangle Dome	4-12mm	100-800g
Four-leg Dome	5-7mm	100-250g
Four-leg Dome	8.4-12.2mm	120-400g

(PS: For round metal dome, when its diameter is larger, the force can even reach 200g to 400g.)

As we know that the force of metal domes is also related to the lifetime. Therefore, the magnitude of force still depends on the customer’s requirement. if the customer has no requirements about the lifetime, we can increase the force at discretion as well.

How Do I Choose the Right Dome for My Keyboard?

Choosing the right dome for your keyboard involves considering several factors, including the type of device, the user’s needs, and the overall design of the keypad. The first step is to determine the level of tactile feedback that is required. If the device is used frequently, a dome with a higher actuation force might be necessary to prevent accidental presses. However, for applications where speed is more important, a lighter dome might be better suited.

Other factors to consider include:

Dome Shape: The shape of the dome affects the feel of the press. Four-legged domes provide stability, while triangular or round domes offer varying levels of precision and softness.
Dome Material: Most metal domes are made from stainless steel, but different finishes can be applied to alter the feel and durability of the dome.
Dome Size: Larger domes tend to provide a softer feel, while smaller domes give more resistance and a firmer press.

Best Technogy – Your Reliable Keyboard Metal Dome Manufacturer

Best Technology is known for producing high-quality metal domes for a variety of applications, including keyboards, remote controls, and other input devices. We offer a wide range of dome options, ensuring that you can find the perfect fit for your device. Whether you need a four-legged dome for stability or a triangular dome for precision, Best Technology has you covered.

With a focus on quality, durability, and customization, Best Technology provides metal domes that meet the unique needs of their clients. If you are looking for a reliable partner for your metal dome requirements, Best Technology is an excellent choice.

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What is Dome Array? – Best Technology

Posted on July 19, 2024 by Love Dome

A dome array, often referred to as a domed array or tactile metal dome arrays. It is a type of tactile switch technology commonly used in electronic devices, particularly in membrane keyboards and other input devices.

What is a Dome Array?

A dome array consists of a set of single metal domes, typically made from metal or polycarbonate, arranged in a specific pattern on a flexible substrate. Each dome acts as a switch, which, when pressed, collapses and makes contact with a conductive layer underneath, completing an electrical circuit.

When a user presses a dome, it collapses and makes contact with the conductive layer below, completing the circuit. This action generates a signal that is sent to the device’s control system, registering the press. Once the pressure is released, the dome returns to its original shape, breaking the contact and resetting the switch.

What is the Structure of Metal Dome Array?

Metal dome array, generally, is double layer structure. Its structure from the top to the bottom is as follows.

Mylar: it is the uppermost layer and transparent, and generally its thickness is 0.05mm;
Spacer: it has two colors, including transparent and white; generally, its thickness is 0.075mm, 0.0125mm and 0.010mm;
Metal Dome: The central component, usually made from stainless steel or polycarbonate. It has numerous types, including round/circle metal dome, triangle metal dome, oblong metal dome and 4-legs metal dome. Each one has different shapes and specifications.
Adhesive: the thickness ranges from 0.02mm to 0.05mm.
Release paper: it is the lowermost layer, playing the role of protecting the dome array, and will be the waste after being tearing down.

Dome Array vs Metal Dome

Dome array is different with metal dome. It mainly manifested in that metal dome is a single, standalone dome switch made from stainless steel. While dome array consists of one or multiply metal domes. Metal dome is specially designed to provide tactile feedback when pressed. Here is a basic comparison chart between them.

Feature	Dome Array	Metal Dome
Material	Metal or polycarbonate domes	Primarily stainless steel
Structure	Multiple domes on a flexible substrate	Single piece
Applications	Membrane keyboards, remote controls, input devices	Consumer electronics, medical devices, industrial controls
Advantages	Multiple switches, flexibility, integration	Durability, tactile feedback, long lifespan
Disadvantages	Complex assembly, potential wear	Single function, less flexible
Use Case	Devices requiring multiple inputs	High-durability requirements, clear tactile feedback

Dome Array vs Metal Dome

Where Metal Dome Array Will Be Used In?

Dome arrays have a widely applications in control devices due to their reliability and cost-effectiveness. You may see it everywhere in our daily life. Here Best technology listing some common fields that dome arrays will be used in and their specific uses.

Membrane keyboards
Remote controls
Consumer electronics
Medical devices
Automotive controls
Point of sale (POS) systems
Home appliances
Industrial equipment
Telecommunications
Fitness equipment

As a leading dome array manufacturer, we excel in the high precise dome array production. We have our own dome array and metal dome factory in Shenzhen, so that we can save much time and money during manufacturing. Welcome your any messages and comments.

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When is International Labour Day in 2024 and What are the Significances of It?

Posted on April 30, 2024 by Love Dome

International Labour Day, also known as May Day or International Worker’s Day, is observed on May 1st each year, serving as a global celebration of labor and the working classes. It will be in Wednesday in 2024.

What is the history of International Labour Day?

International Labor Day, also known as “May Day”, is on May 1 every year. This section comes from the general strike of workers in the city of Chicago. On May 1, 1886, more than 216,000 workers in Chicago held a general strike for the implementation of the eight-hour working day, and finally won the victory after a hard and bloody struggle. In order to commemorate this great workers’ movement, in July 1889, the Second International announced that May 1 of each year would be designated as International Workers’ Day. This decision immediately received a positive response from workers around the world.

On May 1, 1890, the working class in Europe and the United States took the lead in taking to the streets to hold grand demonstrations and rallies to fight for their legitimate rights and interests. From then on, every time on this day, the working people of all countries in the world will gather and parade to celebrate.

The origin of Labour Day in China

The Chinese people’s Labor Day can be traced back to 1918. At that time, some revolutionary intellectuals in China distributed leaflets introducing May Day to the masses in Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Hankou. On May 1, 1920, the workers of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan and other industrial cities came to the streets with great strength and vigour and held large-scale parades and rallies. After the founding of New China in December 1949, the Central People’s Government designated May 1 as the legal Labor Day. On May 1, 1950, the Chinese people celebrated the first Labor Day after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

What are the significances of Labour Day?

International Labor Day is a holiday established by the International Labor Organization (ILO) and celebrated on May 1 every year. Labor Day is of great significance, workers through the struggle, with the tenacious, brave and unyielding spirit of struggle, to win the legitimate rights and interests, is the historic progress of human civilization and democracy.

1.The significance of the Labor Day is that the workers’ struggle has achieved gratifying results, and the working hours of workers are generally shortened. Under the pressure of the workers, the governments of some countries promulgated laws in favor of the interests of the workers, which enhanced the confidence of the working class in the struggle and accumulated rich experience for the international workers’ movement. Through struggle, workers have won their legitimate rights and interests with their indomitable, heroic and unyielding spirit of struggle, which is a historic progress of human civilization and democracy.

2.To commemorate the legitimate rights and interests of the working people. In the feudal society and slave society period, the legitimate rights and interests of the working people are difficult to be guaranteed, and even oppressed by all classes, until the liberation of the mind, the working people gradually began to fight for the legitimate rights and interests, which is a very rare thing, but also a thing worth remembering and celebrating. So in 1889 Engels proposed the establishment of the May Day International Labor Day, and in the following year the international workers demonstration.

3.Legitimate rights and interests of the working people have been protected, not only their own benefits, but also a great progress of human civilization in the world. When people begin to respect the rights and interests of working people, it is a leap forward in human civilization. Therefore, Labor Day has been one of the most important holidays in most countries since it was proposed, and China has set it as a legal holiday.

4.Labor Day is behind the sweat of countless international workers, they marched for their own legitimate rights and interests, indomitable struggle for human rights, this spirit is very worthy of admiration and learning, but also all workers should not forget, so every year when the May Day to hold Labor Day.

5.In addition to the political and economic dimensions, Labor Day is also a cultural event, with parades, picnics, barbecues and public gatherings. This aspect helps strengthen community ties and brings people together to celebrate. The day provides an opportunity to reflect on broader social justice issues affecting the workforce, including immigration, globalization and the changing economic landscape, which are often highlighted in Labor Day rallies and speeches.

As we observe May Day, it’s important to remember the historical significance of this day and to continue advocating for the rights and welfare of workers around the world. It is a day to honor the contributions of workers to global economies, recognize their struggles, and reaffirm commitments to labor rights and social justice.

In the Best Technology, our office also will close one day from May 1^st to May 2^nd, and resume to work at May 2^nd. If you have some inquiries or questions during this time, welcome to e-mail us, our sales will reply it on May 2^nd.

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Does metal dome installation have anything to do with specs?

Posted on April 22, 2024 by Love Dome

Regarding the installation and welding of metal domes

The installation of metal domes has always been one of the issues that customers are more concerned about. Many customers will ask about the installation of the triangular metal dome before purchasing a dome, so let me tell you about the installation of the dome and what are its effects?

What are the specifications of triangular metal domes?

First we have to consider the specifications of the metal dome. Triangular metal domes are specifically divided into two types: with legs and without legs. Triangular domes with legs are also distinguished according to the length of the legs, usually 3.0MM, 1.6MM, and 0.8MM. The width of the feet is usually 0.8MM, but there are also some customized models that require a suitable installation method to be designed according to the specific length.

Triangular Metal Dome Life Strength

The principle of using the triangular metal dome is that it can function as a conductive circuit on the PCB board. When the dome is pressed down, the four sides of the dome will extend to a certain extent. If the two legs of the dome are welded and fixed, when the dome is pressed down, the dome will not extend to the surroundings, but the force will increase, and the service life of the dome will be shortened, making the dome unable to Use its special properties normally. In normal use, the life of the metal dome can reach 5 million times. When the metal dome is used in products, it will be affected by the environment, but the service life can also be maintained at millions of uses.

How to install dome more stably?

If the triangular dome is installed unstablely, the metal dome can easily fall off or become dislocated during use, which will affect the operation and functionality of the product. Then you can choose to use a metal dome array. Simply put, a layer of film is added on top of the metal dome to fix the position of the metal dome. When the dome is pressed down, it will not affect its extension to the surroundings and will not affect the working principle of the dome. And the installation is simpler than metal dome and more stable in use.

What is the difference between metal domes with dots and without dots?

Metal domes without dots, such as round domes, oval domes and other metal domes without dots, are mostly used in micro switches, mobile phone buttons, remote controls and other products. There are also cross-shaped domes, which are mostly used in Among products such as membrane switches and PCB boards, the metal dome array of these products has relatively high conductivity requirements. These products have relatively high requirements for the production environment and need to be produced in a dust-free workshop. If there is dust contamination during production, , will affect the conductivity of the metal dome.

The dotted metal dome is a metal dome with a protruding point in the middle. After product use testing, the dotted metal dome can effectively reduce poor conduction performance. If dust enters during use, the dust will only appear around the bumps. At the same time, after pressing, the dust can fall off through vibration. This also prevents it from affecting the service life of the metal dome and reduces poor conductivity.

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Metal Dome Design and Application Trends

Posted on April 12, 2024 by Love Dome

The metal dome is the only metal component in the membrane switch. With technological advancement and changes in market demand, the metal dome, as an indispensable key component, is becoming more and more important in various types of electronic equipment and mechanical equipment. Under the current circumstances, many products use metal domes in a confusing manner, especially in flexible circuits. They are only used as a component to provide tactile feedback, which causes many disadvantages in the performance of membrane switches and even causes the membrane switches to lose their due function. So what are the designs and functions of metal domes? What are the main application environments? Let me take you through it below!

How to Design a Metal Dome?

The metal dome design process involves many factors. First of all, the shape of the metal dome is crucial. Details such as diameter, height, curvature, and contact location need to be carefully considered to ensure that it can provide precise press feedback, stable and reliable conductive performance, and maintain sufficient Travel distance and rebound force. In addition, factors such as corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and temperature stability under environmental conditions must also be considered during design to adapt to the stringent requirements of different application scenarios.

In terms of material selection, metal domes are usually made of high-quality stainless steel such as SUS301 or 304. These two stainless steels are favored for their excellent elasticity, corrosion resistance and good electrical conductivity. Among them, the ultra-thin (0.05mm-0.1mm) and high-hardness stainless steel 301 metal dome is particularly suitable for occasions that require fine control and long life. Of course, depending on the specific application fields and product requirements, manganese steel or other alloy materials may also be selected and undergo a heat treatment process to obtain ideal mechanical properties and durability.

The design optimization and material selection of the metal dome directly affect the performance, durability and user experience of the product.

What are the functions of metal domes?

1. Use the conductivity of metal to connect the two-pole contacts of the switch.

2. End the rebound of the metal dome and provide tactile feedback to the operator.

Types and specifications of metal domes

According to the shape, there are circles, triangles and crosses. In order to make the bottom edge of the dome contact smoothly and increase the stroke, as well as to overcome the frictional resistance of the bottom edge to the substrate during metal dome operation and to facilitate scheduling, three equal parts are often punched on the edges of circular and triangular metal domes. The support points rush into arcs at the four legs of the cross-shaped dome.

What are the applications of metal domes?

Metal domes are mainly used in membrane switches of rigid boards such as printed circuit boards, giving full play to the three major characteristics of the dome: conduction, rebound, and feel.

The application of metal domes in flexible membrane switches is mainly to provide tactile feedback. In flexible circuit boards, the movement of the metal dome often exceeds the horizontal plane of its bottom. If too much force is used, the dome will deform in the opposite direction and be difficult to recover.

It has good insulation and heat resistance, high mechanical strength, transparency and air tightness, especially bending resistance and high elasticity. It is an ideal material for making membrane switch circuits.

In terms of practical applications, metal domes can be found in all walks of life. In consumer electronics, they are widely used in membrane switches and touch panels to provide users with tactile feedback while ensuring reliable conduction of current; in industrial fields such as automobiles and machine tools, metal domes serve as balancing devices or electrical contact elements. important role; in medical device manufacturing, its precision and stability are decisive for achieving precise control and safe operation.

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How do metal buttons trigger functions during use?

Posted on April 5, 2024 by Love Dome

Metal buttons are an indispensable part of electronic device switches. Their triggering mechanism and multi-functional design play an important role in optimizing user experience. So do you understand how metal buttons trigger the mechanism during use? Below I will give you an in-depth introduction to give you an in-depth understanding of the metal keys and the metal dome built into them.

1. Metal button trigger mechanism

Different triggering mechanisms directly affect the sensitivity, lifespan and tactile feel of metal key switches. By pressing down on the button, the through hole is connected to the bottom contact to achieve electrical connection. Perforated metal mechanisms are generally more durable and are suitable for push button switches in industrial control equipment and automobiles. The metal dome is used in the button as the main part for transmitting instructions. The metal dome trigger mechanism uses the elasticity of the metal dome to trigger the switch action. It has good touch and trigger force control and is suitable for high-end consumer electronics products such as laptops and smartphones. Trigger mechanisms have their own unique advantages and limitations. Product designers need to choose the appropriate mechanism based on the product’s positioning and expected user experience.

2. Multi-function button design:

The multi-functional design of the metal buttons is to achieve more operations within limited controls, thereby improving the user’s operating efficiency and convenience. Here are a few common multifunctional designs:

Single-click, double-click and long-press functions: Metal buttons can achieve different functions through different pressing methods, such as single-click for basic operations, double-click for quick switching, and long-press for further settings or control.

Case Demonstration: For example, in smart watch design, metal buttons can use metal dome triggering mechanism to achieve multi-functional design through different pressing methods. Click the button to wake up the screen, double-click to quickly enter the application, and press and hold to call out the voice assistant. At the same time, the watch’s rotating metal buttons can be used to scroll through information, rotate to adjust the volume, etc. Through this design, users can implement rich functions within a limited operation interface, improving user convenience.

The metal dome can be said to be one of the core components of an important hub in electronic product buttons. It controls the power on and off of the switch, and the main function of the switch is to disconnect and pass the overcurrent. In the early days of metal domes, before there were touch switches, this metal dome was used to control the passage and disconnection of the current of the entire switch. Without this dome, the entire switch would be an empty shell, and all the functions it wants to implement would be unusable.

The triggering mechanism and multi-functional design of metal key switches play an important role in product development and directly affect user experience and product differentiation. Understanding different triggering mechanisms and approaches to multifunctional design can help product designers better select applicable technologies and create more innovative and user-friendly products. By combining different triggering methods and function combinations, Best Technology’s design of metal key switches can achieve more operations, enhance user experience, and create more competitive products.

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